{"id":2974,"date":"2021-12-10T13:19:17","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T06:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vitamin.demo.xemwebmau.com\/?p=2974"},"modified":"2021-12-10T13:19:17","modified_gmt":"2021-12-10T06:19:17","slug":"nhiem-trung-co-hoi-o-hiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/?p=2974","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1edf HIV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vitammintot.com\/10.12.2021<\/em><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1edf HIV<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Theo Ngu\u1ed3n tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh (CDC), 1,1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2015.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd n\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/a> c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi-r\u00fat. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/p>\n

HIV ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

HIV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T). C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u SOS sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV, vi r\u00fat s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00f3, virus t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 trong m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt<\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u1edbi HIV, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c. Ngu\u1ed3n tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a CDCT g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n “x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh AIDS”. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec5m HIV \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 HIV (AIDS), b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 trong m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

N\u1ea5m Candida<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1ec7nh n\u1ea5m Candida bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 do Candida, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y ra. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ea5m mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 vi\u00eam \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o. Nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh AIDS khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1ea5m candida. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y cho b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o do n\u1ea5m candida:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

butoconazole (Gynazole)<\/p>\n

clotrimazole<\/p>\n

miconazole (Monistat)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

fluconazole (Diflucan)<\/p>\n

itraconazole (Sporanox)<\/p>\n

posaconazole (Noxafil)<\/p>\n

micafungin (Mycamine)<\/p>\n

amphotericin B (Fungizone)<\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o do Cryptococcus<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Cryptococcus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chim. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng m\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch c\u00e2y b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i, Cryptococcus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng xung quanh n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh (v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o do cryptococcus, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00f2i t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

amphotericin B<\/p>\n

flucytosine (Ancobon)<\/p>\n

fluconazole<\/p>\n

itraconazole<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV.<\/p>\n

Cryptosporidiosis<\/strong><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf s\u1ed1ng trong ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh cryptosporidiosis. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh do u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c \u0103n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n

Cryptosporidiosis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi HIV, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nitazoxanide (Alinia) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Vi-r\u00fat c\u1ef1 b\u00e0o<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i virus th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh m\u1eaft nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9 l\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

CMV c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi CMV. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi-r\u00fat m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

gancliclovir (Zirgan)<\/p>\n

valgancilovir (Valcyte)<\/p>\n

foscarnet (Foscavir)<\/p>\n

cidofovir (Vistide)<\/p>\n

\u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c CMV n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do nhi\u1ec5m CMV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ng retrovirus. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng trong s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CD4). Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ng CMV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf d\u1ec5 dung n\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Virus herpes simplex<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Virus herpes simplex (HSV) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ebft lo\u00e9t tr\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng, m\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ee5n r\u1ed9p, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV tr\u1ea3i qua t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh m\u1ee5n r\u1ed9p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 dung n\u1ea1p, d\u00f9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi r\u00fat.<\/p>\n

Vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i do Pneumocystis<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i Pneumocystis (PJP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i do n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb s\u1edbm. PJP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh. Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n PJP t\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ng sinh ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CD4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 200 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i microlit (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \/ \u00b5L).<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n huy\u1ebft do Salmonella<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m”, b\u1ec7nh salmonellosis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t do vi khu\u1ea9n. Vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua th\u1ee9c \u0103n ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 (FDA) b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh salmonellosis cao h\u01a1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 20 l\u1ea7n. Salmonellosis c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0o m\u00e1u, kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Toxoplasmosis<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Toxoplasmosis l\u00e0 do k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. B\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n m\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 do nhi\u1ec5m toxoplasmosis t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CD4 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \/ \u00b5L. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi HIV t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n m\u00e8o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m toxoplasmosis n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (\u00edt h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 100 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CD4 \/ \u00b5L) n\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ng sinh ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PJP.<\/p>\n

Toxoplasmosis \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng vi tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim).<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh lao<\/strong><\/h3>\n

B\u1ec7nh lao (TB) c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh lao do vi khu\u1ea9n Mycobacterium tuberculosis g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 l\u00e2y lan qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u1ec7nh lao th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng: b\u1ec7nh lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh lao ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh lao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

isoniazid (INH)<\/p>\n

rifampin (Rifadin)<\/p>\n

ethambutol (Myambutol)<\/p>\n

pyrazinamide<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh lao ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, b\u1ec7nh lao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Mycobacterium avium (MAC) c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang hi\u1ebfm khi g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt MAC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GI v\u00e0 l\u00e2y lan. Khi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e2y lan, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh MAC.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng qua thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ng retrovirus.<\/p>\n

Ung th\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/p>\n

Ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00f3t c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. C\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o. Ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 do vi r\u00fat u nh\u00fa \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HPV) g\u00e2y ra. S\u1ef1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i vi-r\u00fat n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m HPVTrusted Source t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi HIV ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi HIV n\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u1ee5 khoa th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Pap. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Pap c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung.<\/p>\n

Ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n khi n\u00f3 l\u00e2y lan ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Kaposi sarcoma<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi-r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi-r\u00fat herpes \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi 8 (HHV-8). N\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng da s\u1eabm m\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn KS.<\/p>\n

KS kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1ng retrovirus. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb KS. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb trong ru\u1ed9t, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 retinoids.<\/p>\n

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ung th\u01b0 h\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng Hodgkin (NHL) l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, t\u1ee7y x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho NHL, bao g\u1ed3m h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng vi-r\u00fat v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi-r\u00fat.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7ng ng\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao cao su khi quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n m\u00e8o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i trong trang tr\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u0103ng tay cao su khi thay t\u00e3 cho b\u00e9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ecf qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1ng, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau ch\u01b0a r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u1eefa ch\u01b0a ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

R\u1eeda tay v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ecbt, gia c\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c su\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng chung kh\u0103n t\u1eafm ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Healthline.com – Opportunistic Infections in HIV<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vitammintot.com\/10.12.2021 Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1edf HIV Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ARV \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m HIV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Theo Ngu\u1ed3n tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh (CDC), 1,1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi HIV […]\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":2975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[40,41,2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2974"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2976,"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2974\/revisions\/2976"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vitamin.webmaudep.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}